Grammaticalization and reanalysis in african languages pdf free

Grammaticalization and reanalysis in african languages bernd heine, mechthild reh on. The grammaticalization of tense and aspect in tok pisin and sranan volume 2 issue 3 gillian sankoff. Using data from a wide variety of languages, grammaticalization is shown. In a slightly broader sense, reflexivity is a type of interpretation wherein two arguments. Parts from grammaticalization arizona state university. In both developments, abstract grammatical meanings are. The grammaticalization of tense and aspect in tok pisin and. Minimalist parameters consist of choices of feature specifications as the child acquires a lexicon, as in borer 1984, dubbed the borer chomsky conjecture by baker 2008.

From 1978 to 2004 heine held the chair for african studies at the university of cologne, germany. Particularly, studies of african languages suggest hat certain kinds of t developments proceed faster than others, for example, tenseaspect systems seem to. This is an open access title available under the terms of a cc byncnd 4. Reanalysis linguistics or folk etymology, change in a word or phrase resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by a more familiar one rebracketing, a process where a word originally derived from one source is broken down into a different set of factors. Grammaticalization linguistics oxford bibliographies.

Heine and rehs grammaticalization and reanalysis in african languages 1984. Introduction typical sources for adpositions across languages are relational nouns and transitive verbs, hence elements that already display an argument slot see lehmann 1995b. I assume that language is fundamentally a symbolic system that pairs form and meaning. There have been many attempts to classify the languages of the african continent since the beginning of the nineteenth century. They argue that there are multiple nwords, fulfilling different grammatical and social functions. Gradience, gradualness and grammaticalization elizabeth.

The limits of grammaticalization anna giacalone ramat. Pdf grammaticalization as analogically driven change. The grammaticalization of the infinitival preposition. The study focuses on the wider tam domain,n how tense, aspect, mood but also modality and. On the grammaticalization of some processes of word. The grammaticalization of kotok into a negative marker in manda. Grammaticalization of indefinite pronouns oxford scholarship. The grammaticalization of tense and aspect in tok pisin. South africa, tswana is dominant in the northwest province and in some districts of the free state. Read categorial reanalysis and the origin of the sovx word order in mande, journal of african languages and linguistics on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The evolution of negation volume 27 issue 1 william croft. If so, it will have to include broader issues such as word order change and the reanalysis of. West african languages such as gbe and twi in which the complementizer that derives from the verb. The analysis of cases of grammaticalization as cases of semantic reanalysis not only allows to describe more precisely the synchronization of changes in meaning and structure. The term reflexive is applied by traditional grammarians to an event or situation that reflects rebounds upon its initiator, typically when some internal argument of the predicate corefers with its subject e. The limits of grammaticalization anna giacalone ramat ed. Grammaticalization 27 w verb form of the verb habthat was free in other contexts to appear in a variety of positions, including before the non nite verb. In the extreme case of language contact represented by creole languages, some have questioned whether grammaticalization takes place at all in such cases. Desemantization of functional grammatical causatives. Grammaticalization and semantic reanalysis regine eckardt. We reject the view that internal grammaticalization led to.

Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. This path gradually leads from prototypical cognate objects that disallow object agreement pronominalization and. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. On the grammaticalization of some processes of word formation in africa. This chapter discusses the grammaticalization of indefinite pronouns, focusing on the ways in which such pronouns arise and change over time in different languages and the regularities in these changes. African studies american studies ancient near east and egypt art history asian studies book history and cartography biblical studies classical studies education history jewish studies literature and cultural studies languages and linguistics media studies middle east and islamic studies philosophy. Grammaticalizationan reanalysis in african languages.

A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Sep 01, 2011 read categorial reanalysis and the origin of the sovx word order in mande, journal of african languages and linguistics on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Grammaticalization, constructions and the incremental development of language. It also reveals why the resulting new units in language morphemes, constructions, words are often abstract and in.

Put another way, as a result of the diachronic reanalysis by which the cposition developed as a potential accusative case licenser, the reanalysis of the preposition for as a complementizer took place, as in 10. It is shown that grammaticalization and first language acquisition frequently involve the same semantic changes. This work focussed on african languages synchronically from the point of view of grammaticalization. The authors argue that the synchronic variation of cognate objects of weather verbs exhibited in six african languages of south africa sepedi, sesotho, tshivenda, isixhosa, xitsonga, and isizulu has a diachronic explanation, and may be represented as a grammaticalization path. Grammaticalization wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Bernd heine born may 25, 1939 is a german linguist and specialist in african studies.

A long article about grammaticalization of adpositions in spanish and portuguese based creoles. Chronology and paths of change lieselotte brems and kristin davidse university of leuven abstract denison 2002 distinguishes three main np constructions with type nouns such as sortkindtype, viz. Another important work was heine and rehs grammaticalization and reanalysis in african languages 1984. Recently, linguists have discovered or, more accurately, rediscovered the role that historical linguistics can legitimately play in providing explanations for the facts of synchronic language types. Describing morphosyntax top results of your surfing describing morphosyntax start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Professor mohssen esseesy is currently the chair of the department who also directs the arabic and persian programs. Grammaticalization, the transition of a lexical, autonomous form to a grammatical, nonindependent form, does not happen suddenly and abruptly. Meillet 1912 and kurylowicz 1965 argue that grammaticalization is a change from lexical to grammatical content or from hybrid. Grammaticalization of spatial adpositions in nanafwe amani. Grammaticalization of spatial adpositions in nanafwe amani bohoussou and stavros skopeteas 1. Past leadership positions include serving as the gw executive.

Access to the complete content on oxford handbooks online requires a subscription or purchase. Pdf describing morphosyntax download full pdf book download. Grammaticalization and reanalysis in african languages. Volume 42 holger diessel demonstratives form, function, and grammaticalization tsl. Gradience, gradualness and grammaticalization john benjamins. Features in reanalysis and grammaticalization elly van. Desemanticization by this process, a lexical item receives a second, nonlexical function, which may ultimately become its only function. Reanalysis definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Grammatical reanalysis and the multiple nwords in african. Roughly speaking, grammaticalization is the gradual drift in a grammar towards tighter structures and less freedom in the use of linguistic expressions. Should the term grammaticalization be extended to the study of the origins of grammatical constructions in general.

The articles address a number of themes central to grammaticalization studies, such as the role of reanalysis and analogy in grammaticalization, the formal modelling of grammaticalization, and the relationship between formal and functional change, using data from a range of languages, and in some cases from particular electronic corpora. Hence, the infinitival markers zu, te may be assumed to be in or close to the. This dissertation offers a grammatical description and analysis of manda n. Pdf grammar and grammaticalization in manda an analysis. Reanalysis definition of reanalysis by the free dictionary. At gw he was elected and served a twoyear term in the gw university faculty senate 20172019. If so, how is the line to be drawn between a form that is grammatical and one that is lexical. This brief description of the grammaticalization of the swahili completive aspect marker sha. In sranan the word taki, derived from english talk, is used as a complementizer. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. African american vernacular english aave is developing a class of previously undescribed function words, facilitated by the semantic generalization of the word nigga. May 01, 20 facttype complements in gbe and the surinamese creoles facttype complements in gbe and the surinamese creoles migge, bettina. Note that grammaticalization processes usually concern individual categories or constructions of a language rather than languages as a whole.

We will cite examples from lords work on languages of west africa, all of them. In the twi dialects the connective is ne, but fante speakers may use nye or na depending on whether a comitative or a coordinative interpretation is intended. Link to a paper by anthony aristar and helen dry on the role of deixis in grammaticalization. For now the claim that grammaticalization is reanalysis. This paper focuses on the historical origins of the. Claims about grammaticalization, and especially about grammaticalization theory, are assessed. It is free to read at oxford scholarship online and offered as a free pdf download from oup and selected open access locations. Presenting a wealth of evidence from african languages, the authors argue that the development of grammatical categories is in fact strongly. Hence, the infinitival markers zu, te may be assumed to be in. Ebook describing morphosyntax as pdf download portable. Due to lack of data, and also due to the linguistic complexity of.

He has published on reanalysis, grammaticalization, and the diachronic rise of discourse markers in french and other romance languages. Mohssen esseesy department of classical and near eastern. In 1991, heine, claudi and hunnemeyer made an important contribution to this approach with grammaticalization. The area where the grammaticalization of roata and a. Seventeen chapters follow, divided into two parts, the first part concerned with grammaticalization and the second part with parametric variation. Noun phrase conjunction in akan nigercongo, kwa is performed by placing a connective between two noun phrases, but there is some variation in the forms used in the major dialects. But along with asking the question what is the nature of grammar. Grammaticalization is aprocess of language change by which a free lexical morpheme becomes semantically generalized and phonologically reduced whaley, 1997, p. On the role of grammaticalization in creolization ingo plag introduction. There is consequently no reason to posit any of the functional shell structure associated with tense. Content words become function words, free morphemes become clitics or affixes, and syntactic constructions become subject to stronger constraints.

We argue that gbe languages influenced the grammar of creole complements. Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios pdf. Grammaticalization and parametric variation oxford. He earned his phd at the free university of berlin in 1997. The fundamental insight of grammaticalization also called grammaticization is grammation, a change from lexical to grammatical content via reanalysis of a lexical item to be merged in a functional category, as emphasized in andersen 2008. It is well known in west african linguistics that languages in this broad. If so, it will have to include broader issues such as word order change and the reanalysis of phrases. Scritti in onore di vermondo brugnatelli, cesenaroma, caissa italia, 20. Extending the concept of grammaticalization to a variety of language spoken. They saw grammaticalization as an important tool for describing the workings of languages and their universal aspects and it provided an.

All languages have demonstratives, but their form, meaning and use vary tremendously across the languages of the world. Facttype complements in gbe and the surinamese creoles. As seen in the sketch and exemplified with swahili g. Providing rich exemplification from african languages, the authors described grammaticalization as a result of problem solving, in which speakers use existing forms for new functions. Consider the following example, from an older period of chinese. The authors demonstrate that nigga is unspecified for race, gender, or humanness. Between the third and sixth centuries, present tense habwas cliticized in postverbal position, i. Grammaticalization, constructions and the incremental. The observational point of departure in this paper is that infinitivals in dutch and german have no tense. The phenomenon had been noted in african languages by lord 91, 92.

The grammaticalization process is similar in both cases. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. The article starts by describing grammaticalizationa kind of language changeon basis. Pdf grammaticalization and reanalysis in african languages. Additionally, although the sociohistorical evidence suggests that aae is a restructured english variety, semantic reanalysis is not a necessary strategy for restructured englishes. Thoughts on grammaticalization, and heine and reh who wrote another important book. Apparent counterexamples to this claim can be shown to involve aspectaktionsarten rather than tense. Some languages have only a few demonstrative particles, which they employ in a variety of syntactic contexts for a wide range of semantic and pragmatic functions. These show what the application of contemporary theories of syntax and language variation can reveal about syntactic change and variation and the processes of parametric change which lie behind them. Eurotyp was headed by konig of the free university of berlin, the results. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. In historical linguistics and language change, grammaticalization is a process of language. All of linguistic theory is concerned with the enterprise of elucidating the nature of the grammar of human languages.